A heresy
which was introduced into Spain towards the end of the 4th century by an
Egyptian named Marcus. The system was based on the Gnostic-Manichaean
doctrine of a two-fold principle of the world, one good, the other bad, and
derived its name from Priscillian, who became its leader. The sect gradually
assumed the form of a secret society and threatened to overrun the whole of
southern Europe. Its peculiar doctrines and practises were examined in the
synod of Saragossa, 380, and Priscillian and his followers were
excommunicated. Violence was resorted to as a means of suppressing the
heresy but without success. Finally, under Emperor Maximus, a synod was
called at Bordeaux in 384. Priscillian was accused of practising magic, and
he and several followers were condemned and executed while many others were
exiled. The whole procedure was condemned by such men as Saint Ambrose,
Saint Martin of Tours, and Pope Damasus. The heresy gradually died out at
the end of the 6th century.